Figure 5 

 

Fig. 6

Qat is a leafy narcotic substance popular in several countries in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It can be consumed in the form of tea or smoked like tobacco, although the most common mode of ingestion is by chewing the fresh leaves. Consumption of qat can lead to adverse oral effects including oral mucosal lesions, dryness of the mouth, discoloration of teeth and periodontal problems.